Everything about Second Lateran Council totally explained
The
Second Lateran, and tenth ecumenical council was held by
Pope Innocent II in April
1139, and was attended by close to a thousand clerics. Its immediate task was to neutralize the after-effects of the
schism, which had only been terminated in the previous year by the death of
Antipope Anacletus II (d.
January 25 1138). All consecrations received at his hands were declared invalid, his adherents were deposed, and King
Roger II of Sicily was excommunicated. In all thirty canons were issued, mostly repeating those of the
First Lateran Council. The main effects of the council was that clerical marriage was declared invalid, clerical dress was regulated, attacks on clerics punished by excommunication, and
Peter of Bruys and
Arnold of Brescia were condemned.
Tenth ecumenical council
The death of
Pope Honorius II in February 1130 was followed by a schism. Petrus Leonis, under the name of
Anacletus II, for a long time held in check the legitimate pope,
Innocent II. In 1135, Innocent II celebrated a Council at Pisa, and his cause gained steadily until, in January 1138, the death of Anacletus helped largely to solve the difficulty. Nevertheless, to condemn various errors and reform abuses among clergy and people, Innocent, in the month of April 1139, convoked the tenth ecumenical council.
Held at the
Lateran Palace, nearly a thousand prelates assisted. The pope opened the council with a discourse, and deposed from their offices those who had been ordained and instituted by the antipope and by his chief partisans,
Ægidius of Tusculum and
Gerard of Angouleme. As
Roger II of Sicily, a partisan of Anacletus who had been reconciled with Innocent, persisted in maintaining in Southern Italy his schismatical attitude, he was excommunicated. The council likewise condemned the errors of the Petrobrusians and the Henricians, the followers of
Peter of Bruys and
Arnold of Brescia. The council promulgated against these two groups its twenty-third canon, a repetition of the third canon of the
Council of Toulouse (1119) against the
Manichaeans. Finally, the council drew up measures for the amendment of ecclesiastical morals and discipline that had grown lax during the schism. Twenty-eight canons pertinent to these matters reproduced in great part the decrees of the
Council of Reims, in 1131, and the
Council of Clermont, in 1130, whose enactments, frequently cited since then under the name of the Lateran Council, acquired thereby increase of authority. The authenticity, interpretation and translation of this source is contested.
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